Epidermolysis bullosa — Clinical Case (Wikimedia Commons)

Diagnosis: Epidermolysis bullosa

07.11.2023 - Presidente da República, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, se encontra com menino Gui no Palácio do Planalto. Brasília - DF Foto: Ricardo Stuckert / PR. Clinical photograph sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). Attribution: Lula Oficial.

Clinical Presentation

Blistering and erosions at sites of friction/trauma. EB simplex: mild, often hands/feet. Junctional EB: severe, generalized, mucous membrane involvement. Dystrophic EB: scarring, milia, nail dystrophy, esophageal strictures, mitten deformity of hands in severe forms.

Clinical History

Present at birth or early infancy. Family history pattern varies (AD or AR). Severity ranges from mild localized to lethal. Severe forms associated with: failure to thrive, anemia, SCC (in dystrophic EB — major cause of mortality), pseudosyndactyly.

Treatment

No cure — supportive care is mainstay. Wound care: non-adherent dressings, gentle debridement, infection prevention. Pain management. Nutritional support (iron, zinc, protein). Monitor for SCC in dystrophic EB. Gene therapy and protein replacement in clinical trials.

Differential Diagnosis

Bullous impetigo, Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, Pemphigus, Incontinentia pigmenti, Aplasia cutis congenita

Key Learnings

Immunofluorescence mapping and electron microscopy determine the level of cleavage for classification. Patients with recessive dystrophic EB have markedly increased risk of SCC (cumulative risk >90% by age 55). Multidisciplinary care is essential.

Tags: epidermolysis bullosa, genetic, blistering, mechanobullous, congenital