Diagnosis: Cellulitis
tercer dia del ciclo de la celulitis infecciosa. Clinical photograph sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0). Attribution: Cabalari.
Expanding area of erythema, warmth, swelling, and tenderness without sharp borders. Unilateral in most cases. May have associated lymphangitis (red streaking), lymphadenopathy, and systemic symptoms (fever, malaise). Bullae or hemorrhagic changes indicate severe infection.
Portal of entry: skin break, tinea pedis, insect bite, wound, eczema. Risk factors: lymphedema, venous insufficiency, obesity, prior cellulitis, immunosuppression. Recurrence common (~20-30%) — address predisposing factors.
Mild (no systemic symptoms): oral antibiotics (cephalexin, dicloxacillin; TMP-SMX + amoxicillin if MRSA risk). Moderate-severe: IV antibiotics (cefazolin, vancomycin if MRSA). Abscess: I&D ± antibiotics. Treat predisposing factors (tinea pedis, edema). Penicillin prophylaxis for recurrent episodes.
Deep vein thrombosis, Stasis dermatitis, Contact dermatitis, Erysipelas, Necrotizing fasciitis, Lipodermatosclerosis, Lymphedema
Cellulitis is overdiagnosed — bilateral 'cellulitis' is almost always stasis dermatitis. Mark the border with pen to track progression. Necrotizing fasciitis red flags: pain out of proportion, crepitus, rapid progression, hemodynamic instability. Imaging (CT/MRI) if necrotizing fasciitis is suspected.
Tags: cellulitis, bacterial, infection, soft tissue, streptococcal