Acne vulgaris — Clinical Case (Wikimedia Commons)

Diagnosis: Acne vulgaris

The condition in question is nodular and cystic acne on the back, which is medically referred to as Acne Vulgaris.. Clinical photograph sourced from Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 4.0). Attribution: Sedef94.

Clinical Presentation

Presents with open and closed comedones, inflammatory papules, pustules, and in severe cases, nodules and cysts. Lesions predominantly affect the face, chest, and upper back. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and scarring may develop.

Clinical History

Onset typically in adolescence with hormonal changes. May be exacerbated by stress, certain medications (corticosteroids, lithium, androgens), occlusive cosmetics, and dietary factors. Family history of severe acne is a risk factor.

Treatment

Mild: topical retinoids + benzoyl peroxide. Moderate: add topical/oral antibiotics. Severe/nodulocystic: oral isotretinoin. Hormonal: spironolactone or combined OCPs in females. Adjuncts: chemical peels, phototherapy.

Differential Diagnosis

Rosacea, Folliculitis, Perioral dermatitis, Keratosis pilaris, Drug-induced acneiform eruption

Key Learnings

Grade severity using the Global Acne Grading System. Isotretinoin requires iPLEDGE registration. Antibiotic stewardship is critical — limit oral antibiotic courses to 3 months. Always combine antibiotics with benzoyl peroxide to reduce resistance.

Tags: acne, inflammatory, comedonal, pilosebaceous