Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Diagnosis: Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Grouped herpetiform vesicles on an erythematous base and orbital edema confined to the cutaneous surface innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve

Clinical Presentation

Grouped herpetiform vesicles on an erythematous base and orbital edema confined to the cutaneous surface innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the fifth cranial nerve

Clinical History

Submitted by Alaa Saad. Originally posted August 31, 2010.

Treatment

See case discussion.

Differential Diagnosis

• Herpes simplex • Contact dermatitis • Cellulitis • Bullous impetigo • Dermatitis herpetiformis • Drug eruption • Insect bites

Key Learnings

• Reactivation of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) from dorsal root ganglia • Dermatomal distribution that does NOT cross the midline is the hallmark • Hutchinson sign: vesicles on tip of nose → nasociliary branch of V1 → ophthalmologic emergency • Ramsay Hunt syndrome: VZV in geniculate ganglion → facial palsy + ear vesicles + otalgia • Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common complication — risk increases with age • Shingrix vaccine (recombinant) >90% effective at preventing zoster — recommended for adults ≥50

Tags: herpes, zoster, ophthalmicus, alaa saad